By Madeline Canfield, Lila Goldstein, Ellanora Lerner, Lilah Peck, Maddy Pollack, and Dahlia Soussan
Edited by Rebecca Long
During the April 2020 Rising Voices virtual retreat, we found ourselves firing impassioned messages into a Zoom chat. After a year of our fellowship, we were used to texting each other long analyses of our decidedly un-feminist everyday experiences.
Within minutes, our dialogue took a distinctly personal and resonant turn: many of us had spent time in Reform, Conservative, and pluralistic Jewish youth groups, the nucleus of the Jewish social teen experience in North America. We’d born witness to the rampant heteronormative hookup culture and hyper-sexualization they foster. As we shared personal anecdotes, our anger turned toward the hypocrisy of youth groups that knowingly preserve a sexist culture despite existing to nourish young Jews and propel Jewish continuity.
Youth groups are revered as a catalyst for young people’s involvement in the Jewish future, but the destructive behavior condoned within these spaces, reminiscent of acute misogyny in generations past, remains largely unaddressed.
It’s an open secret that many of the social interactions and practices normalized, even lauded, within the enclave of youth groups fly despite the broader #MeToo era. Across our different youth groups and regions, we’ve experienced various manifestations of pervasive sexual pressure: grinding being recognized as the only acceptable way for boys and girls to cohabit the dance floor; sisterhood events where girls spend the first two hours talking exclusively about boys, who sometimes arrive unannounced expecting the girls to fawn over them and sit dutifully in their laps; seedy songs that slut-shame girls while deriding prudishness; and chants that celebrate sexual escapades and toxic masculinity.
Typically, these norms are brushed over as “teens being teens,” but the dominance of this sexual culture transcends normal and healthy adolescent behaviors. Groups of friends fixate over finding partners during conventions with whom to fulfill sexual expectations that come from the glorified hookup culture. For example, the ever-popular “Points” system allots values to specific hookups based on members’ leadership positions and other social capital, transforming (typically female) participants into their peers’ sexual trophies. After events, participants are expected to publicize their sexual encounters widely. During an international convention earlier this year, a TikTok montage displaying pictures of clearly identifiable teens kissing – without the subjects’ prior knowledge or consent – spread widely between one youth group’s members.
Ultimately, sexual coercion and harassment have become byproducts of the youth group experience. Steeped in a heteronormative culture that worships and sexualizes women, participants feel coerced to have hookups during events and conventions for the “full experience,” ending up in intimate encounters with participants whose names they don’t even know. Inappropriate sexual behavior is so normalized and inescapable that girls avoid harassment at conventions by traveling in packs. Members who report sexual harassment face accusations of overreacting and vilification by peers.
Certainly, teen leaders have a hand in shaping youth groups. But staff and adult board leadership set a tone for exactly what these spaces choose to condone. They’re most culpable for overlooking or rationalizing toxic, misogynistic hookup culture.
When we share our experiences with adults, they often remark that youth groups haven’t changed since they were the participants; the nature of hypersexualization in youth groups today is indistinguishable from the serial harassment of women in the 80s, 90s, and 2000s, despite paradigmatic shifts in our society’s sexual ethos. Recently, adult Jewish spaces have been called out for preserving rampant sexual abuse cultures. While this is in no way an issue exclusive to Jewish institutions, the severe Jewish #MeToo epidemic reveals that part of our problem is that we fail to set boundaries at the teen level. The Jewish organizations that educate young people condone and even encourage unhealthy sexual dynamics. When teens grow up, they perpetuate those same harmful behaviors.
Overwhelmed by the precarious state of our continuity, Jews are not fully grasping the consequences of imposing blatant components of rape culture onto teens. Our community has long harbored fears of assimilation and marrying out of the faith. Youth groups were developed with the explicit purpose of getting more Jews under chuppahs with each other. Hypersexualization, despite its issues, is upheld as a means to that end. Firstly, it garners interest among teens – sex sells to a generation inundated by societal pressures. Then, once membership rises, hookups are remarketed in adult minds as a path to long term coupling – ideally, leading to marriages – between members who are, in the moment, pining to fulfill sexual expectations.
The efficacy of this strategy is dubious at best. Some long-term relationships do grow out of youth groups, but at a lofty cost: the shallowness of hookup culture impedes the formation of genuine, complex relationships and identity. It reinforces heteronormativity, misogyny, and acceptance of sexual harassment. Membership growth is prioritized to the point that many potential members are alienated by the sexualization youth groups employ to pump up recruitment. As for those who do cross the threshold, it’s challenging to negotiate a space intended to build confidence while being degraded as a sex object by peers and experiencing commodification as just another number by organizations singularly focused on their stats. While healthy romance and sexuality are empowering to those who seek such experiences of their own accord, hookup culture’s dominance is incredibly isolating for teens who aren’t comfortable participating in it. Identity building spaces cannot be predicated on objectification.
COVID-19 has offered us the pause to reevaluate how we create safe Jewish gathering spaces and, frankly, we’re about fifty years overdue for an assessment of the precedence we give hookup culture in youth groups.
We encourage teen leaders to promote better environments through their words and actions. But they’re not responsible for addressing this issue alone. We call on all direct leadership, at both the teen and adult level, to organize around creating an effective solution to eradicate hookup culture in its current form. Youth group staff must bring in educators to teach about safe, consensual sex, as well as healthy relationships, and then reinforce these lessons with anti-harassment policies. This also necessitates designing linear, non-stigmatizing channels for reporting abusive behavior. Misogynistic, hyper-masculine, and sexually coercive chants also need to be eradicated completely.
To alumni, donors, and parents of participants, we implore you to raise your voices. You’re stakeholders too and your concerns are heard. Reach out to the organizations in your life. Set up a meeting with your chapter and regional staff to address these issues. Most importantly, talk to your kids about the healthy, uplifting relationships they deserve from their youth groups. When teens know their worth, they’re pretty unstoppable.
We’re hoping to raise consciousnesses in the tradition of our Jewish feminist foremothers because we recognize the value of youth groups to our continuity, so long as they shift their purpose from Jewish coupling to fostering vibrant Jewish engagement at large. And in this process, which won’t be easy if it’s done effectively, we stand by the teens and adults pursuing change every step of the way.
[Editor’s note:] While no specific youth organization has been singled out in this article, eJP has invited BBYO, NFTY and USY to respond.]
Madeline Canfield is a first-year at Brown University. Lila Goldstein is a first-year at Brandeis University. Ellanora Lerner is a first-year at Clark University. Lilah Peck is a senior at Charlotte Country Day School. Maddy Pollack is a first-year at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Dahlia Soussan is a senior at Kehillah Jewish High School. All six of the authors were part of the 2019-2020 Rising Voices cohort, the Jewish Women’s Archive’s writing fellowship for female-identified teens passionate about feminism, Judaism, and social justice.
Rebecca Long is Digital Content Editor at the Jewish Women’s Archive.
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I loved and cherished my time in Jewish youth groups, and also, this article rings true for my experience. From my perspective, there’s not just a need for prevention educators to serve the youth group space, but for those educators to be an ongoing and integral part of youth group communities and staff.
That leadership and parents (!) must be called upon because they haven’t addressed this over the years is quite disheartening. The behavior and values certainly aren’t in alignment with the Jewish values these groups claim to want to represent and teach.
Some spaces are doing this really well! Camp Tawonga has an entire training program for teens about consent and healthy relationships. They have a youth group and leadership program and all the teens go through their training.
Jewish Women International (JWI) has recently started a new website called jewishmasculinity.org and there are many good resources there.
Specific to this essay, https://jewishmasculinity.org/as-a-jewish-man and https://jewishmasculinity.org/change-the-culture. On when things escalate to abuse and violence, see JWI video “When Push Comes to Shove, It’s No Longer Love” – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBpSB4IXpsE
Synagogue & day-school curricula from grade 6 on should include discussions about gender roles, healthy relationships, and Jewish values that connect to those themes. There are many online videos showing scenarios meant to start important conversations. Enter “dating abuse” in youtube. Particularly important for teens going into middle school, confirmation curricula, and 12th grade pre-college/pre-world.
Wonderful and much needed.
My youth movement journey brought my Jewish-Zionist experience alive. But every age and every community of people requires boundaries and acceptable behaviors to be established. My establishing these we actually enrich the experiences further and ensure the doors are wide open for everyone to enter and feel safe and enjoy the very real benefits of youth groups that we cherish.
Yshar koach to these strong women for raising their voices and speaking out about such an important issue. Beautiful article! I appreciate the call to action for alumni and parents. It reminded me that instead of saying “wow…that’s a shame”, that I have a roll in helping to change the culture. Thank you!
As a parent of three teens (including a ferocious feminist), and having spent time on dozens of BIrthright trips (as a researcher), I appreciate your voice in calling for better, but would suggest your broad accusations are sloppy and ignore vast changes happening across the Jewish youth communal world. Dating and sex attitudes among both boys and girls (and those who are non-binary) have been radically transformed by the #metoo initiative, technology and a freedom of travel and experience (pre-pandemic) greater than any previous generation. Jewish educators from Hillel to Moving Traditions offer smart education around healthier dating, while acknowledging a very real plague facing the pluralistic Jewish experience: “Where are all the boys?”. Meaningful progress toward healthier relationships (and is “hooking up” always unhealthy?) requires dialogue that includes both genders, something you’ve failed to do here. Your suggestion that “Ultimately, sexual coercion and harassment have become byproducts of the youth group experience. Steeped in a heteronormative culture that worships and sexualizes women, participants feel coerced to have hookups during events and conventions for the “full experience” is a big accusation that is both undocumented by fact, and off-putting to so many boys who are presumed guilty and predatory before they enter a room. Respectively, may I suggest finding some male peers and listening to what they have to say about tangible steps, not accusatory complaint that places blame on just one gender.
Kol Hakavod to the Rising Voices Fellows for raising these crucial issues in such a clear, compelling, well thought out, and articulate manner. We at Moving Traditions stand with you in your call to parents and educators to support prioritizing a cultural shift in the Jewish community away from enforced heteronormativity and hook up culture. Moving Traditions is grateful for your leadership. Our work with camp and youth group professionals, individual teens and mentors of teens stems from the commitment we share with the Jewish Women’s Archive, the SRE Coalition, and each you, to make these changes. Our goal is for all Jewish youth to flourish and develop in Jewish experiences that promote health, diversity, safety, body autonomy, and freedom from oppressive gender norms. Thank you for raising these issues in a time of heshbon hanefesh (accounting of our souls) for the Jewish community. May we work together during this challenging time to bring about the changes you so powerfully point us all toward.
Kol hakavod! Teens don’t always have the language or experience to express their discomfort with the culture, so they laugh along with it or opt out. Leaders are often former participants without the perspective to frame these issues as problematic. Recognizing the negative impacts this can have on youth organizations is such an important step.
There is a Jewish community near me, which after immigrating to this country in recent decades, enrolled their children in a long-established Jewish after-school program in the neighborhood which was co-ed. Shortly afterwards, the program brought in someone to talk to the teens about birth control. The parents were horrified. They hadn’t even know that the program was co-ed. They removed their children from the program and started their own program where the sexes were kept separate. It is now years later, and the program they started is doing well.
The parents teach their children that boys and girls should not touch each other before marriage, and that marriage should should take place as soon as the children have obtained a means of supporting themselves financially (in this community, that tends to be in the early to mid twenties, after having obtained a College degree).
According to the authors, the programs mentioned in this article are designed to promote “Jewish continuity.” In the context of this article, “Jewish continuity” seems is to mean Jews marrying each other and having children. If that is indeed the case, then such programming should not exist for age groups (teens) that generally are not getting married yet.
Can one or more of you zoom “visit” my class in Jewish Feminism at University of Virginia this weds sometime between 3:30-6pm? It would be so helpful to my students, Kindly contact me: Rabbi Vanessa Ochs vanessa@virginia.edu
Thank you for this thoughtful and important article. As a USY alum, I can attest that all of these issues were present in the early 2000s. From what I’ve seen at the level of national leadership, USY has made great strides in its education on gender and sexuality. I hope that this education expands and has an impact on teens’ behavior at conventions, “lock-ins,” and dances.
Now would be a great time for an objective and scientifically-based survey related to this issue. I have anecdotal evidence that many of the young women in these groups are enthusiastic participants in the sexual activity going on within the various groups. And yet, there are toxic attitudes towards women, as well. Young women deserve to feel empowered, regardelss of circumstance. Survey results would direct leadership towards relevant programming and create an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of programs.